The land phase of the hydrologic cycle is based on the water balance equation:
where is the final soil water content (mm H2O), is the initial soil water content (mm H2O), t is the time (days), is the amount of precipitation on day i (mm H2O), is the amount of surface runoff on day i (mm H2O), is the amount of evapotranspiration on day i (mm H2O), is the amount of percolation and bypass flow exiting the soil profile bottom on day i (mm H2O), and is the amount of return flow on day i (mm H2O).