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mgt

Pointer to the management schedule file

The pointer to the management schedule file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
management.sch

plnt_com

Pointer to the plant community file

The pointer to the plant community file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
plant.ini

urban

Pointer to the urban database

The pointer to the urban database is a foreign key referencing in .

cal_grp

Calibration group

User-defined calibration groups that can be used as conditions in .

name (landuse.lum)

Name of the land use and management record

The name of the land use and management record is a primary key referenced by in . All names in the landuse.lum file must be unique.

name
urban.urb
calibration.cal
lu_mgt
hru-data.hru

cn2

Pointer to the Curve Number database

The pointer to the Curve Number database file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
cntable.lum

vfs

Pointer to the filter strip file

The pointer to the filter strip file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
filterstrip.str

grww

Pointer to the grassed waterway file

The pointer to the grassed waterway file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
grassedww.str

landuse.lum

This file summarizes the main land use information and references several other files that specify the details.

Field
Description
Type

Name of the land use and management record

string

Calibration group

string

Pointer to the plant community file

string

Pointer to the management schedule file

string

Pointer to the Curve Number database

string

Pointer to the conservation practice database

string

Pointer to the urban database

string

Urban runoff simulation option

string

Pointer to the overland Manning's n database

string

Pointer to the tile drain file

string

Pointer to the septic file

string

Pointer to the filter strip file

string

Pointer to the grassed waterway file

string

Pointer to the user BMP file

string

name
cal_grp

tile

Pointer to the tile drain file

The pointer to the tile drain file is a foreign key referencing in .

cons_prac

Pointer to the conservation practice database

The pointer to the conservation practice database is a foreign key referencing in .

ov_mann

Pointer to the overland Manning's n database

The pointer to the overland Manning's n database is a foreign key referencing in .

plnt_com
mgt
cn2
cons_prac
urban
urb_ro
ov_mann
tile
sep
vfs
grww
bmp
name
tiledrain.str
name
cons_practice.lum
name
ovn_table.lum

sep

Pointer to the septic file

The pointer to the septic file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
septic.str

rot_yr_ini

Initial rotation year

plnt_name

Plant name as in plant database

The plant name is a foreign key referencing the primary key in .

name
plants.plt

bmp

Pointer to the user BMP file

The pointer to the user BMP file is a foreign key referencing in .

name
bmpuser.str

urb_ro

Urban runoff simulation option

Most large watersheds and river basins contain areas of urban land use. Estimates of the quantity and quality of runoff in urban areas are required for comprehensive management analysis. SWAT+ calculates runoff from urban areas with the SCS curve number method or the Green & Ampt equation. Loadings of sediment and nutrients are determined using one of two options. The first is a set of linear regression equations developed by the USGS (Driver and Tasker, 1988) for estimating storm runoff volumes and constituent loads. The other option is to simulate the build-up and wash-off mechanisms, similar to SWMM (Storm Water Management Model; Huber and Dickinson, 1988).

Option
Description

usgs_reg

USGS regression equations

buildup_washoff

build-up/wash-off algorithm

hashtag
References

Driver and Tasker (1988)

Huber and Dickinson (1988)

plnt_cnt

Number of plants in the community

This number must be consistent with the number of plants listed for the community.

yrs_init

Age of plant at start of simulation

plant.ini

This file stores information about the plants growing in a plant community.

A plant community can consist of plants growing at the same time or plants growing in rotation.

The structure of the file plant.ini is different than that of most other SWAT+ input files. The first line for each plant community specifies how many plants there are in the community and what the initial year of the rotation is. It is followed by one line per plant in the community.

Field
Description
Type
Unit
Default
Range

name (plant.ini)

Plant community name

The name of the plant community is a primary key referenced by in . All names in the plant.ini file must be unique.

phu_init

Initial fraction of plant heat units accumulated

This variable is required for plants that are growing at the beginning of the simulation ( = y).

plnt_com
landuse.lum
lc_status

plnt_pop

Plant population

Plant community name

string

n/a

n/a

n/a

Number of plants in the community

integer

n/a

Initial rotation year

integer

n/a

Plant name as in plant database

string

n/a

n/a

Land cover status at start of simulation

string

n/a

n/a

Initial Leaf Area Index

real

m^2/m^2

0.0

0.0-8.0

Initial plant biomass

real

kg/ha

0.0

0.0-1000.0

Initial fraction of plant heat units accumulated

real

fraction

0.0

0.0-100.0

Plant population

real

n/a

0.0

Age of plant at start of simulation

real

years

0.0

Initial residue cover

real

kg/ha

10000.00

0.0-10000.0

name
plnt_cnt
rot_yr_ini
plnt_name
lc_status
lai_init
bm_init
phu_init
plnt_pop
yrs_init
rsd_init

lc_status

Land cover status at start of simulation

Option
Description

n

Plant not growing

y

Plant growing

bm_init

Initial plant biomass

This variable is required for plants that are growing at the beginning of the simulation (lc_status = y).

lai_init

Initial Leaf Area Index

This variable is required for plants that are growing at the beginning of the simulation (lc_status = y).

rsd_init

Initial residue cover

name (management.sch)

Name of the management schedule

The name of the management schedule is a primary key referenced by mgt in landuse.lum. All names in the management.sch file must be unique.

management.sch

This file is used to schedule management operations.

Management operations can be scheduled by heat units/dates or by Decision Tables.

The structure of the management.sch file is different than that of most other SWAT+ input files. The first line for each management schedule specifies the name of the schedule and the number of scheduled and/or automatic operations. When using scheduled operations, it is followed by one line per operation listing operation-specific data. The operations must be scheduled by date (Heat Unit scheduling must be done using a Decision Table) listed in chronological order. For automatic operations, the names of the Decision Tables in lum.dtl are listed (one name per line). Behind the name of a Decision Table, the user may list the crop(s) used in the Decision Table, which can be useful when the same Decision Table is used for different crop rotations (see xxx in yyy).

The user may use both scheduled operations and Decision Tables for the same land use. If doing so, the names of the DTs should be listed first.

Field
Description
Type

day

Day operation is scheduled for

integer

hu_sch

Currently not used

real

Operation data 1

string

Operation data 2

string

Operation data 3

real

name

Name of the management schedule

string

numb_ops

Number of scheduled management operations

integer

numb_auto

Number of automatic operations

integer

op_typ

Type of management operation

string

mon

Month operation is scheduled for

integer

op_data3

Operation data 3

Operation
Use of variable

pcom

plnt

harv

hvkl

op_data1

Operation data 1

Operation
Use of variable

kill

mons

till

irrm

irra

fert

frta

frtc

pest

pstc

graz

burn

swep

prtp

skip

op_data1
op_data2
op_data3

cn_a

Curve number for hydrologic soil group A

cn_b

Curve number for hydrologic soil group B

cn_c

Curve number for hydrologic soil group C

cn_d

Curve number for hydrologic soil group D

Plant in the plant community () to be killed

mons

???

till

Name of tillage type in database

irrm

Name of irrigation operation in file

irra

Name of irrigation operation in file

fert

Name of fertilizer in database

frta

Name of fertilizer in database

frtc

Name of fertilizer in database

pest

Name of pesticide in database

pstc

Name of pesticide in database

graz

???

burn

???

swep

???

prtp

???

skip

not used

pcom

???

plnt

Plant in the plant community to be planted

harv

Plant in the plant community (plant.ini) to be harvested

hvkl

Plant in the plant community (plant.ini) to be harvested and killed

kill

plant.ini
tillage.til
irr.ops
irr.ops
fertilizer.frt
fertilizer.frt
fertilizer.frt
pesticide.pes
pesticide.pes

slp_len_max

Maximum slope length

name (ovn_table.lum)

Overland flow Manning's n class name

The overland flow Manning's n class name is a primary key referenced by ov_mann in landuse.lum. All names in the ovn_table.lum file must be unique.

Name
Land use/tillage type
Treatment

fallow_nores

Fallow

No residue

convtill_nores

Conventional tillage

No residue

convtill_res

Conventional tillage

Residue

chisplow_nores

Chisel plow

No residue

chisplow_res

Chisel plow

Residue

falldisk_res

Fall disking

Residue

notill_nores

No tillage

No residue

notill_0.5-1res

No tillage

0.5-1 t/ha residue

notill_2-9res

No tillage

2-9 t/ha residue

range_sparse

Rangeland with sparse cover

---

range_20cover

Rangeland with 20% cover

---

shortgrass

Short grass prairie

---

densegrass

Dense grass

---

bermudagrass

Bermudagrass

---

forest_light

Light forest

---

forest_med

Medium forest

---

forest_heavy

Heavy forest

---

urban_asphalt

Urban area with asphalt

---

urban_concrete

Urban area with concrete

---

urban_rubble

Urban area with rubble

---

ovn_mean

Mean overland flow Manning’s n value

This is the value that is used by the model. The and values are included in the file to help users stay within reasonable ranges during calibration.

ovn_min
ovn_max

op_typ

Type of management operation

Code
Operation
Description

pcom

Plant community

This operation initializes the plant community in the HRU

plnt

Planting/beginning of growing season

This operation initializes the growth of a specific land cover/plant type in the HRU

harv

Harvest

This operation harvests the portion of the plant designated as yield and removes the yield from the HRU, but allows the plant to continue to grow (e.g. hay cuttings)

hvkl

Harvest and kill

This operation harvests the portion of the plant designated as yield, removes the yield from the HRU and converts the remaining plant biomass to residue on the soil surface

kill

Kill

This operation kills the plant and converts the plant biomass to residue on the soil surface

till

Tillage

This operation mixes the upper soil layers and redistributes the nutrients/chemicals within those layers

irrm

Scheduled irrigation

This operation applies water to the HRU on the specified day

fert

Fertilizer application

This operation adds nutrients to the soil in the specified day

pest

Pesticide application

This operation applies a pesticide to the plant and/or soil on the specified day

graz

Grazing

This operation removes plant biomass at a specified rate and allows simultaneous application of manure

burn

Burning

This operation records the biomass, residue and phosphorus that is burned

swep

Street sweeping

This operation removes sediment and nutrient build-up on impervious areas in the HRU; can only be used when the urban build-up/wash-off routines are activated for the HRU

skip

Skipping

This operation skips to the end of the year

name (cntable.lum)

Curve Number class name

The name of the Curve Number class is a primary key referenced by cn2 in landuse.lum. All names in the cntable.lum file must be unique.

The name describes the land use type, treatment, and cover condition the Curve Number Values are valid for.

Name
Land use type
Treatment
Cover condition

fal_bare

op_data2

Operation data 2

Operation
Use of variable

cntable.lum

This file lists typical Curve Number values for different land use types.

The SCS curve number is a function of the soil’s permeability, land use and antecedent soil water conditions. Typical curve numbers for moisture condition II are listed in the following tables for various land covers and soil types (SCS Engineering Division, 1986). These values are appropriate for a 5% slope.

Field
Description
Type
Unit
Default
Range

Landuse and Management

There are several SWAT+ files that control the simulation of land use and management. The file summarizes the main land use information and references several other files that specify the details:

  • stores information about the plants growing in a rotation or plant community,

  • is used to schedule management operations by heat units or dates and/or to list the decision tables to use for scheduling and conditioning management operations,

cons_practice.lum

This file lists the USLE P values and slope lengths for various conservation practices.

Field
Description
Type
Unit
Default
Range

Fallow

Bare soil

fal_res_p

Fallow

Crop residue

Poor

fal_res_g

Fallow

Crop residue

Good

rc_strow_p

Row Crops

Straight row

Poor

rc_strow_g

Row Crops

Straight row

Good

rc_strowres_p

Row Crops

Straight row with residue

Poor

rc_strowres_g

Row Crops

Straight row with residue

Good

rc_cont_p

Row Crops

Contoured

Poor

rc_cont_g

Row Crops

Contoured

Good

rc_contres_p

Row Crops

Contoured with residue

Poor

rc_contres_g

Row Crops

Contoured with residue

Good

rc_contter_p

Row Crops

Contoured and terraced

Poor

rc_contter_g

Row Crops

Contoured and terraced

Good

rc_conterres_p

Row Crops

Contoured and terraced with residue

Poor

rc_conterres_g

Row Crops

Contoured and terraced with residue

Good

sg_strow_p

Small Grains

Straight row

Poor

sg_strow_g

Small Grains

Straight row

Good

sg_strowres_p

Small Grains

Straight row with residue

Poor

sg_strowres_g

Small Grains

Straight row with residue

Good

sg_cont_p

Small Grains

Contoured

Poor

sg_cont_g

Small Grains

Contoured

Good

sg_contres_p

Small Grains

Contoured with residue

Poor

sg_contres_g

Small Grains

Contoured with residue

Good

sg_contter_p

Small Grains

Contoured and terraced

Poor

sg_contter_g

Small Grains

Contoured and terraced

Good

sg_conterres_p

Small Grains

Contoured and terraced with residue

Poor

sg_conterres_g

Small Grains

Contoured and terraced with residue

Good

legr_strow_p

Close-seeded or Broadcast Legumes or Rotation

Straight row

Poor

legr_strow_g

Close-seeded or Broadcast Legumes or Rotation

Straight row

Good

legr_cont_p

Close-seeded or Broadcast Legumes or Rotation

Contoured

Poor

legr_cont_g

Close-seeded or Broadcast Legumes or Rotation

Contoured

Good

legr_contter_p

Close-seeded or Broadcast Legumes or Rotation

Contoured and terraced

Poor

legr_contter_g

Close-seeded or Broadcast Legumes or Rotation

Contoured and terraced

Good

pastg_p

Pasture, grassland, or range

---

Poor

pastg_f

Pasture, grassland, or range

---

Fair

pastg_g

Pasture, grassland, or range

---

Good

pasth

Meadow or continuous grass, no grazing, mowed for hay

---

---

brush_p

Brush-weed-grass mixture with brush the major element

---

Poor

brush_f

Brush-weed-grass mixture with brush the major element

---

Fair

brush_g

Brush-weed-grass mixture with brush the major element

---

Good

woodgr_p

Woods-grass combination (orchard or tree farm)

---

Poor

woodgr_f

Woods-grass combination (orchard or tree farm)

---

Fair

woodgr_g

Woods-grass combination (orchard or tree farm)

---

Good

wood_p

Forest

---

Poor

wood_f

Forest

---

Fair

wood_g

Forest

---

Good

farm

Farmsteads (buildings, lanes, driveways, and surrounding lots)

---

---

open_p

Open spaces (lawns, parks, golf courses, cemeteries, etc.)

---

Poor

urban

Paved parking lots, roofs, driveways, etc. (excl. right-of-way)

---

---

paveroad

Paved streets and roads, open ditches (incl. right-of-way)

---

---

gravroad

Gravel streets and roads (incl. right-of-way)

---

---

dirtroad

Dirt streets and roads (incl. right-of-way)

---

---

lum.dtl contains the land use and management decision tables,

  • cntable.lum lists typical Curve Number values for different land use types,

  • cons_practice.lum lists the USLE P values and slope lengths for various conservation practices,

  • ovn_table.lum lists overland Manning's n values for different tillage and land cover types.

  • landuse.lum
    plant.ini
    management.sch

    mons

    till

    irrm

    irra

    fert

    frta

    frtc

    pest

    pstc

    graz

    burn

    swep

    prtp

    skip

    pcom

    plnt

    harv

    hvkl

    kill

    ovn_min

    Overland flow Manning's N minimum

    This value is not used by the model. It is included in the file to help users stay within reasonable ranges during calibration.

    usle_p

    USLE P factor

    ovn_max

    Overland flow Manning's N maximum

    This value is not used by the model. It is included in the file to help users stay within reasonable ranges during calibration.

    string

    n/a

    n/a

    n/a

    Curve Number for Hydrologic Soil Group A

    real

    none

    Varies by land use

    30.0-100.0

    Curve Number for Hydrologic Soil Group B

    real

    none

    Varies by land use

    30.0-100.0

    Curve Number for Hydrologic Soil Group C

    real

    none

    Varies by land use

    30.0-100.0

    Curve Number for Hydrologic Soil Group D

    real

    none

    Varies by land use

    30.0-100.0

    hashtag
    References

    SCS Engineering Division, 1986

    name

    Curve Number class name

    USLE P factor

    ​real

    none

    1.0

    0.0-1.0

    Maximum slope length

    real

    m

    1.0

    name

    Name of the conservation practice

    string

    ​n/a

    n/a

    n/a

    ovn_table.lum

    This file lists overland Manning's n values for different tillage and land cover types.

    Field
    Description
    Type
    Unit
    Default
    Range

    Overland flow Manning's n class name

    string

    n/a

    n/a

    name (cons_practice.lum)

    Name of the conservation practice

    The name of the conservation practice is a primary key referenced by in . All names in the cons_practice.lum file must be unique.

    Name
    Description
    cn_a
    cn_b
    cn_c
    cn_d
    usle_p
    slp_len_max

    n/a

    ovn_mean

    Mean overland flow Manning’s n value

    real

    n/a

    0.5

    ovn_min

    Minimum overland flow Manning’s n value

    real

    n/a

    0.5

    ovn_max

    Maximum overland flow Manning’s n value

    real

    n/a

    0.5

    name_ovn

    strip_cros_slope

    Strip cropping with cross-slope tillage

    strip_contour

    Strip cropping with contour tillage

    contour_1-2

    Contour tillage on 1-2% slopes

    contour_3-5

    Contour tillage on 3-5% slopes

    contour_6-8

    Contour tillage on 6-8% slopes

    contour_9-12

    Contour tillage on 9-12% slopes

    contour_13-16

    Contour tillage on 13-16% slopes

    contour_17-20

    Contour tillage on 17-20% slopes

    contour_21-25

    Contour tillage on 21-25% slopes

    strip_1-2_past

    Strip cropping on 1-2% slopes with pasture

    strip_1-2_row

    Strip cropping on 1-2% slopes with row crops

    strip_3-5_past

    Strip cropping on 3-5% slopes with pasture

    strip_3-5_row

    Strip cropping on 3-5% slopes with row crops

    strip_6-8_past

    Strip cropping on 6-8% slopes with pasture

    strip_6-8_row

    Strip cropping on 6-8% slopes with row crops

    strip_9-12_past

    Strip cropping on 9-12% slopes with pasture

    strip_9-12_row

    Strip cropping on 9-12% slopes with row crops

    strip_13-16_past

    Strip cropping on 13-16% slopes with pasture

    strip_13-16_row

    Strip cropping on 13-16% slopes with row crops

    strip17-20_past

    Strip cropping on 17-20% slopes with pasture

    strip_17-20_row

    Strip cropping on 17-20% slopes with row crops

    strip_21-25_past

    Strip cropping on 21-25% slopes with pasture

    strip_21-25_row

    Strip cropping on 21-25% slopes with row crops

    ter_1-2_sodout

    Terraces on 1-2% slopes with sod outlet

    ter_1-2_undout

    Terraces on 1-2% slopes with underflow outlet

    ter_3-8_sodout

    Terraces on 3-8% slopes with sod outlet

    ter_3-8_undout

    Terraces on 3-8% slopes with underflow outlet

    ter_9-12_sodout

    Terraces on 9-12% slopes with sod outlet

    ter_9-12_undout

    Terraces on 9-12% slopes with underflow outlet

    ter_13-16_sodout

    Terraces on 13-16% slopes with sod outlet

    ter_13-16_undout

    Terraces on 13-16% slopes with underflow outlet

    ter_17-20_sodout

    Terraces on 17-20% slopes with sod outlet

    ter_17-20_undout

    Terraces on 17-20% slopes with underflow outlet

    ter_21-25_sodout

    Terraces on 21-25% slopes with sod outlet

    ter_21-25_undout

    Terraces on 21-25% slopes with underflow outlet

    up_down_slope

    Up-and-down slope

    cross_slope

    Cross-slope tillage

    contour_farming

    cons_prac
    landuse.lum

    Contour tillage